Moraea collina 4526
Author: Carl Peter Thunberg (1743-1828)Family: Iridaceae Subfamily: Iridoideae Tribe: Irideae
Genus: Moraea
Synonym(s): Homeria collina
English name: Cape tulip Cape tulip
Zone: South Africa
Description
This species is restricted in range, extending from the Cape Peninsula east to Bot River, and north to Wellington and Bains Kloof. It occurs usually in sandy soil.
Moraea collina Observed in South Africa by pamcooper (license)
Botanical Description
The plants are medium, 18-35cm tall. The corms are 12-18mm in diameter.
The leaf is solitary, inserted well above ground, canaliculate, 4-10mm wide, exceeding the stem, usually trailing above. The stem is erect, flexed above the leaf insertion, simple, or few branched, the stem and branches flexed above the bracts. The stem bracts are 2-4cm long. The spathes are 5-8cm long, the outer about half the inner.
The flowers are pale yellow or salmon pink, with or without a deep yellow nectar guide edged in green. The tepals are forming a cup below, circa 12mm deep, enclosing the filaments and anthers, circa 10mm wide. The outer tepals are 30-35mm long. The claw is 12-15mm long, often papillate near the base. The limb is spreading horizontally, 10-12mm wide, obovate. The inner tepals are to 30mm long, circa 10mm wide. The filaments are united, the column cylindrical, 6-7mm long, lightly pubescent in the lower half. The anthers are 5-6mm long, contiguous in the lower half, slightly diverging above. The ovary is 14-19mm long. The style is branching shortly above the base of the anthers. The branches are 6mm long, diverging slightly and reaching the anther apex. The stigma is arched over the anther tips. The crests are short, circa 1mm long, erect-incurved.
The capsule is cylindrical, 30-40mm long with a short obtuse beak circa 1mm long.
References
- Systematics and biology of Homeria (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1981 Vol. 68 pag. 413-503. DOI
The leaf is solitary, inserted well above ground, canaliculate, 4-10mm wide, exceeding the stem, usually trailing above. The stem is erect, flexed above the leaf insertion, simple, or few branched, the stem and branches flexed above the bracts. The stem bracts are 2-4cm long. The spathes are 5-8cm long, the outer about half the inner.
The flowers are pale yellow or salmon pink, with or without a deep yellow nectar guide edged in green. The tepals are forming a cup below, circa 12mm deep, enclosing the filaments and anthers, circa 10mm wide. The outer tepals are 30-35mm long. The claw is 12-15mm long, often papillate near the base. The limb is spreading horizontally, 10-12mm wide, obovate. The inner tepals are to 30mm long, circa 10mm wide. The filaments are united, the column cylindrical, 6-7mm long, lightly pubescent in the lower half. The anthers are 5-6mm long, contiguous in the lower half, slightly diverging above. The ovary is 14-19mm long. The style is branching shortly above the base of the anthers. The branches are 6mm long, diverging slightly and reaching the anther apex. The stigma is arched over the anther tips. The crests are short, circa 1mm long, erect-incurved.
The capsule is cylindrical, 30-40mm long with a short obtuse beak circa 1mm long.
References
- Systematics and biology of Homeria (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1981 Vol. 68 pag. 413-503. DOI
References for the genus
- A new species of Galaxia (Iridaceae subfamily Iridoideae from Namaqualand, South Africa, Goldblatt, Peter, and Oliver, E G H. Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden 1993 Vol. 3 pag. 404-407. Address
- A revised infrageneric classification and synopsis of the Afro-Eurasian genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae), Goldblatt, P and Manning, JC and Schnitzler, J. Bothalia 2013 Vol. 43(1) pag. 29-42. Address
- A synopsis of Moraea (Iridaceae) with New Taxa, Transfers, and Notes, Goldblatt, P. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1982 Vol. 69(2) pag. 351–369. DOI
- Biology and Systematics of Galaxia (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, Peter. Journal of South African Botany 1979 Vol. 45 pag. 385-423. Address
- Cape plants: A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa - Strelitzia 09, Peter Goldblatt and John Manning. 2001 Vol. 7(6). DOI
- Contributions to a knowledge of the Transvaal Iridaceae., N. E. Brown, A.ls. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 1929 Vol. 17 pag. 341-352. Address
- Convergent evolution of the 'Homeria' flower type in six new species of Moraea (Iridaceae-Irideae) in Southern Africa, Goldblatt, P. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1986 Vol. 73(1) pag. 102–116. DOI
- Cytology and Systematics of the Moraea fugax Complex (Iridaceae), Peter Goldblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 73 (1) pag. 140-157. DOI
- Eight new species of Moraea (lridaceae) from southern Africa with range extensions and morphological notes in the genus, P. Goldblatt and John C Manning. Bothalia 2013 Vol. 43(2) pag. 153- 165. DOI
- Evolution, Cytology and Subgeneric Classification in Moraea (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, P. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1976 Vol. 63(1) pag. 1-23. DOI
- Moraea intermedia and M. vuvuzela (Iridaceae--Iridoideae), two new species from western South Africa, and some nomenclatural changes and range extensions in the genus., Goldblatt, P and others. Bothalia 2010 Vol. 40(2). Address
- New species of Galaxia (Iridaceae) and notes on cytology and evolution in the genus, Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1984 Vol. 71 pag. 1082-1087. Address
- New species of Moraea (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), with range extensions and miscellaneous notes for southern African species., Goldblatt, P and others. Bothalia 2009 Vol. (39(1) pag. 1-10. Address
- New species of Moraea (Iridaceae-Iridoideae) from Southern Africa, Goldblatt, P., & Manning, J. C. Novon 2000 Vol. 10(1) pag. 14-21. DOI
- New species of Southern African Moraea (Iridaceae-Iridioideae), and the reduction of Rheome, Goldblatt, Peter and Manning, J C. Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden 1995 Vol. 5 pag. 262-269. Address
- New species, chromosome cytology and notes on the southern African Iridaceae-Irideae: Moraea, Roggeveldia and Homeria, Peter Goldblatt. South African Journal of Botany 1992 Vol. 58(4) pag. 209-214. Address
- Notes and new species of Moraea (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) from the Southern African winter-rainfall zone, Goldblatt, Peter. Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden 2002 Vol. 12 pag. 352-359. Address
- Notes on Moraea subg. Visciramosa (Iridoideae), including the new species Moraea saldanhensis from western South Africa, recognition of M. inconspicua subsp. namaquensis, and pollination biology in M. rivulicola, Goldblatt, P., and J. C. Manning. Bothalia 2012 Vol. 42(2) pag. 210-215. JStor
- Pollination mechanisms in the African genus Moraea (Iridaceae, Iridoideae): floral divergence and adaptation for pollinators, Goldblatt, Peter and Bernhardt, Peter and Manning, John C. Adansonia 2005 Vol. 27(1) pag. 21-46. Address
- Roggeveldia, A New Genus of Southern African Iridaceae-Irideae, Peter Goldblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1979 Vol. 66 (4) pag. 839-844. DOI
- Systematics and biology of Homeria (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1981 Vol. 68 pag. 413-503. DOI
- Systematics of Gynandriris (Iridaceae), a Mediterranean-southern African disjunct, Goldblatt, Peter. Botaniska notiser 1980 Vol. 133(3) pag. 239-412. Address
- Systematics of Moraea (Iridaceae) in tropical Africa, Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1977 pag. 243-295. Address
- Systematics of the hypervariable Moraea tripetala complex (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) of the southern African winter rainfall zone, Peter Goldblatt & John C. Manning. Bothalia 2012 Vol. 12. DOI
- Systematics of the Southern African Genus Hexaglottis (Iridaceae- Iridoideae), Peter Golblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1987 Vol. 74(3) pag. 542-569. DOI
- The genus Moraea in the winter rainfall region of Southern Africa, Peter Goldblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1976 Vol. 63(4) pag. 657-786. JStor
- The Moraeas of Southern Africa, Peter Golblatt. 1986. ISBN
- A revised infrageneric classification and synopsis of the Afro-Eurasian genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae), Goldblatt, P and Manning, JC and Schnitzler, J. Bothalia 2013 Vol. 43(1) pag. 29-42. Address
- A synopsis of Moraea (Iridaceae) with New Taxa, Transfers, and Notes, Goldblatt, P. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1982 Vol. 69(2) pag. 351–369. DOI
- Biology and Systematics of Galaxia (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, Peter. Journal of South African Botany 1979 Vol. 45 pag. 385-423. Address
- Cape plants: A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa - Strelitzia 09, Peter Goldblatt and John Manning. 2001 Vol. 7(6). DOI
- Contributions to a knowledge of the Transvaal Iridaceae., N. E. Brown, A.ls. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 1929 Vol. 17 pag. 341-352. Address
- Convergent evolution of the 'Homeria' flower type in six new species of Moraea (Iridaceae-Irideae) in Southern Africa, Goldblatt, P. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1986 Vol. 73(1) pag. 102–116. DOI
- Cytology and Systematics of the Moraea fugax Complex (Iridaceae), Peter Goldblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 73 (1) pag. 140-157. DOI
- Eight new species of Moraea (lridaceae) from southern Africa with range extensions and morphological notes in the genus, P. Goldblatt and John C Manning. Bothalia 2013 Vol. 43(2) pag. 153- 165. DOI
- Evolution, Cytology and Subgeneric Classification in Moraea (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, P. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1976 Vol. 63(1) pag. 1-23. DOI
- Moraea intermedia and M. vuvuzela (Iridaceae--Iridoideae), two new species from western South Africa, and some nomenclatural changes and range extensions in the genus., Goldblatt, P and others. Bothalia 2010 Vol. 40(2). Address
- New species of Galaxia (Iridaceae) and notes on cytology and evolution in the genus, Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1984 Vol. 71 pag. 1082-1087. Address
- New species of Moraea (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), with range extensions and miscellaneous notes for southern African species., Goldblatt, P and others. Bothalia 2009 Vol. (39(1) pag. 1-10. Address
- New species of Moraea (Iridaceae-Iridoideae) from Southern Africa, Goldblatt, P., & Manning, J. C. Novon 2000 Vol. 10(1) pag. 14-21. DOI
- New species of Southern African Moraea (Iridaceae-Iridioideae), and the reduction of Rheome, Goldblatt, Peter and Manning, J C. Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden 1995 Vol. 5 pag. 262-269. Address
- New species, chromosome cytology and notes on the southern African Iridaceae-Irideae: Moraea, Roggeveldia and Homeria, Peter Goldblatt. South African Journal of Botany 1992 Vol. 58(4) pag. 209-214. Address
- Notes and new species of Moraea (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) from the Southern African winter-rainfall zone, Goldblatt, Peter. Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden 2002 Vol. 12 pag. 352-359. Address
- Notes on Moraea subg. Visciramosa (Iridoideae), including the new species Moraea saldanhensis from western South Africa, recognition of M. inconspicua subsp. namaquensis, and pollination biology in M. rivulicola, Goldblatt, P., and J. C. Manning. Bothalia 2012 Vol. 42(2) pag. 210-215. JStor
- Pollination mechanisms in the African genus Moraea (Iridaceae, Iridoideae): floral divergence and adaptation for pollinators, Goldblatt, Peter and Bernhardt, Peter and Manning, John C. Adansonia 2005 Vol. 27(1) pag. 21-46. Address
- Roggeveldia, A New Genus of Southern African Iridaceae-Irideae, Peter Goldblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1979 Vol. 66 (4) pag. 839-844. DOI
- Systematics and biology of Homeria (Iridaceae), Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1981 Vol. 68 pag. 413-503. DOI
- Systematics of Gynandriris (Iridaceae), a Mediterranean-southern African disjunct, Goldblatt, Peter. Botaniska notiser 1980 Vol. 133(3) pag. 239-412. Address
- Systematics of Moraea (Iridaceae) in tropical Africa, Goldblatt, Peter. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1977 pag. 243-295. Address
- Systematics of the hypervariable Moraea tripetala complex (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) of the southern African winter rainfall zone, Peter Goldblatt & John C. Manning. Bothalia 2012 Vol. 12. DOI
- Systematics of the Southern African Genus Hexaglottis (Iridaceae- Iridoideae), Peter Golblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1987 Vol. 74(3) pag. 542-569. DOI
- The genus Moraea in the winter rainfall region of Southern Africa, Peter Goldblatt. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1976 Vol. 63(4) pag. 657-786. JStor
- The Moraeas of Southern Africa, Peter Golblatt. 1986. ISBN
General specifications
Biological type: bulb
Frost resistance: 18ºF
Leaf color: dark green
Flower color: orange
Specifications for the Mediterranean basin
Adult size (h x w): 0,9ft x 0,9ft
Sun exposure: part sun (Sun hours: >3h <6h Foliage: deciduous in summer
Growth: fast
Flowering time from January until March
Ripe fruits from May until June
Specific information for our garden
Planting substrate: 30%Compost+30%Coco+40%Sand
Plant watering: 3x a week pH 6.5
Logical sequence of containers for: Bulbs; 2L forestry pot, 3L forestry pot, 25L high container, 145L wide cup
Ecology in its country of origin
Rainfall: 600-1000mm
Frost resistance: 18ºF
Leaf color: dark green
Flower color: orange
Specifications for the Mediterranean basin
Adult size (h x w): 0,9ft x 0,9ft
Sun exposure: part sun (Sun hours: >3h <6h Foliage: deciduous in summer
Growth: fast
Flowering time from January until March
Ripe fruits from May until June
Specific information for our garden
Planting substrate: 30%Compost+30%Coco+40%Sand
Plant watering: 3x a week pH 6.5
Logical sequence of containers for: Bulbs; 2L forestry pot, 3L forestry pot, 25L high container, 145L wide cup
Ecology in its country of origin
Rainfall: 600-1000mm
Sowing instructions
AUTUMN After harvesting the seeds, keep dry for 8weeks at room temperature then keep dry in the fridge at 4°C until sowing. Sow the seeds at 4mm depth in the Bulb Substrate between 64-72°F. During germination keep the substrate moist and in daylight. The seeds germinate in 4-6 weeks.
The average seed weight is 1190,5 per gram (0,00084g).
The viability of the seeds, kept under good conditions, is 3 years.
Germination references for the genus
- Seed germination theory and practice, Deno, Norman C. 1993. Address
Bulb planting instructions
Plant the bulbs under 7cm Bulb Substrate at 20cm distance. Plant between sept-oct.
The average seed weight is 1190,5 per gram (0,00084g).
The viability of the seeds, kept under good conditions, is 3 years.
Germination references for the genus
- Seed germination theory and practice, Deno, Norman C. 1993. Address
Bulb planting instructions
Plant the bulbs under 7cm Bulb Substrate at 20cm distance. Plant between sept-oct.
Experiences in the garden
05-05-17A Obtaining seeds from seed provider SilverHill collected in 'SilverHill4>Laxhart'. (Wild origin)
18-04-19 Sown 16 seeds in a tray, they did not geminate.
Protocol: Spring Surface Light sowing mix 64-72°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
06-02-18B Obtaining 10 plants from nursery Dix
. . . 2018C Collection of seeds in the garden collected at 10-06-18.
06-05-20 Sown 30 seeds in a container 1L and germinated at 04-12-20 but the seedlings did not survive.
Protocol: Spring Surface Light sowing mix 68-77°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
13-10-21 Sown 20 seeds in a forest pot 2L.
Protocol: Autumn 2mm SBC 64-72°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
. . . 2020B Collection of seeds in the garden collected at 27-05-20.
05-10-20 Sown 20 seeds in a container 1L and germinated at 10-11-20 but the seedlings did not survive.
Protocol: Autumn Surface Light sowing mix 64-72°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
13-10-21 Sown 20 seeds in a forest pot 2L and germinated at 05-01-22.
Protocol: Autumn 2mm SBC 64-72°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
18-10-24 Sown 20 seeds in a forest pot 2L and germinated at 28-11-24, result: 1 units in Petit26.
Protocol: Autumn Fridge bulbs 4mm SBC 59-68°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
. . . 2020B Production of 15 plants in our nursery
. . . 2021B Collection of seeds in the garden collected at 08-06-21.
13-10-21 Sown 20 seeds in a forest pot 2L and germinated at 05-01-22 but the seedlings did not survive.
Protocol: Autumn 2mm SBC 64-72°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
16-02-22 Send a batch to nursery MGS.
08-09-22 Send a batch to nursery PBS.
23-09-22 Sown 30 seeds in a forest pot 2L and germinated at 27-10-22 but the seedlings did not survive in Petit26.
Protocol: Autumn Fridge bulbs 4mm SBC 68-77°F Damp substrate+Light 4w
18-10-24 Sown 20 seeds in a forest pot 2L and germinated at 28-11-24, result: 1 units in Petit26.
Protocol: Autumn Fridge bulbs 4mm SBC 59-68°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
. . . 2021C Production of 15 plants in our nursery: Petit32 8x C1
. . . 2021B Production of 13 plants in our nursery: Petit32 13x C1
. . . 2022B Production of 7 plants in our nursery: Petit26 7x V25
. . . 2023C Collection of seeds in the garden collected at 22-05-23. Stock Index Seminum
18-10-24 Sown 20 seeds in a forest pot 2L and germinated at 28-11-24, result: 1 units in Petit26.
Protocol: Autumn Fridge bulbs 4mm SBC 59-68°F Damp substrate+Light 4-6w
04-03-25 Send a batch to nursery JBAmsterdam.