Euphorbia characias 'Black Pearl' 0
Author: Hortulanorum (Horticole)Family: Euphorbiaceae Subfamily: Euphorbioideae Tribe: Euphorbieae Subtribe: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
English name: Mediterranean spurge 'Black Pearl'
Zone: Mediterranean
References for the genus
- A taxonomic revision of Euphorbia section Anisophyllum Roeper (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia, Halford, David and Harris, Wayne. Austrobaileya 2012 Vol. 8 pag. 441-600. DOI
- A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae), Riina, Ricarda and Peirson, Jess A. and Geltman, Dmitry V. and Molero, Julián and Frajman, Božo and Pahlevani, Amirhossein and Barres, Laia and Morawetz, Jeffery J. and Salmaki, Yasaman and Zarre, Shahin and Kryukov, Aleksey and Bruyns. Taxon 2013 Vol. 62(2) pag. 125-132. DOI
- Euphorbia species from the Flora Zambesiaca area: VII, Leach, L C. Journal of South African Botany 1967 Vol. 33 pag. 247-262. Address
- Euphorbiae succulentae Angolenses: I, Leach, LC. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 1968 Vol. 42 pag. 161-179. Address
- Flora iberica, Santiago Castroviejo. 2010 Vol. 8 pag. 210-285. ISBN
- Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, P.H. Davies. 1984 Vol. 7 pag. 571-630. ISBN
- Mountain Flora of Greece, Volume 1, Arne Strid. 1989 pag. 566-576. ISBN
- Nomenclature and typification of southern African species of Euphorbia, Bruyns, Peter. Bothalia 2012 Vol. 42. DOI
- Notes on Euphorbia species of the Eastern Cape Province: With descriptions of three new species, Dyer, Robert Allen. Records of the Albany Museum / Committee of the Albany Museum 1931 Vol. 4(1) pag. 64-110. Address
- Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia, Dorsey, Brian L. and Haevermans, Thomas and Aubriot, Xavier and Morawetz, Jeffery J. and Riina, Ricarda and Steinmann, Victor W. and Berry, Paul E. Taxon 2013 Vol. 62(2) pag. 291-315. DOI
- Phylogeography and character evolution of Euphorbia sect. Aphyllis subsect. Macaronesicae (Euphorbiaceae), Barres, Laia and Galbany-Casals, Mercè and Hipp, Andrew L. and Molero, Julià and Vilatersana, Roser. Taxon 2017 Vol. 66(2) pag. 324-342. DOI
- Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta, Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de, and Candolle, Alphonse de,. 1862 Vol. 15(2) pag. 7-187. Address
- The classification of species of Euphorbia with stipular spines, Dyer, RA. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat, Bruxelles/Bulletin van den Rijksplantentuin, Brussel 1957 pag. 487-493. JStor
- The submersion of Pedilanthus into Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), Steinmann, Victor. Acta Botánica Mexicana 2003 Vol. 65. DOI
- Three new species of Euphorbia L. subgenus Chamaesyce Rafinesque (Euphorbiaceae) from central and northern Australia, Thomson, B. G. Nuytsia 1992 Vol. 8 pag. 351-360. Address
- British Cactus and Succulent Society. bcss.org.uk Vol. euphorbia-part-1. Euphorbia
- Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Plantation and Ornamental Crops. 2011 pag. 125. DOI
- A worldwide molecular phylogeny and classification of the leafy spurges, Euphorbia subgenus Esula (Euphorbiaceae), Riina, Ricarda and Peirson, Jess A. and Geltman, Dmitry V. and Molero, Julián and Frajman, Božo and Pahlevani, Amirhossein and Barres, Laia and Morawetz, Jeffery J. and Salmaki, Yasaman and Zarre, Shahin and Kryukov, Aleksey and Bruyns. Taxon 2013 Vol. 62(2) pag. 125-132. DOI
- Euphorbia species from the Flora Zambesiaca area: VII, Leach, L C. Journal of South African Botany 1967 Vol. 33 pag. 247-262. Address
- Euphorbiae succulentae Angolenses: I, Leach, LC. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 1968 Vol. 42 pag. 161-179. Address
- Flora iberica, Santiago Castroviejo. 2010 Vol. 8 pag. 210-285. ISBN
- Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, P.H. Davies. 1984 Vol. 7 pag. 571-630. ISBN
- Mountain Flora of Greece, Volume 1, Arne Strid. 1989 pag. 566-576. ISBN
- Nomenclature and typification of southern African species of Euphorbia, Bruyns, Peter. Bothalia 2012 Vol. 42. DOI
- Notes on Euphorbia species of the Eastern Cape Province: With descriptions of three new species, Dyer, Robert Allen. Records of the Albany Museum / Committee of the Albany Museum 1931 Vol. 4(1) pag. 64-110. Address
- Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia, Dorsey, Brian L. and Haevermans, Thomas and Aubriot, Xavier and Morawetz, Jeffery J. and Riina, Ricarda and Steinmann, Victor W. and Berry, Paul E. Taxon 2013 Vol. 62(2) pag. 291-315. DOI
- Phylogeography and character evolution of Euphorbia sect. Aphyllis subsect. Macaronesicae (Euphorbiaceae), Barres, Laia and Galbany-Casals, Mercè and Hipp, Andrew L. and Molero, Julià and Vilatersana, Roser. Taxon 2017 Vol. 66(2) pag. 324-342. DOI
- Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta, Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de, and Candolle, Alphonse de,. 1862 Vol. 15(2) pag. 7-187. Address
- The classification of species of Euphorbia with stipular spines, Dyer, RA. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat, Bruxelles/Bulletin van den Rijksplantentuin, Brussel 1957 pag. 487-493. JStor
- The submersion of Pedilanthus into Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), Steinmann, Victor. Acta Botánica Mexicana 2003 Vol. 65. DOI
- Three new species of Euphorbia L. subgenus Chamaesyce Rafinesque (Euphorbiaceae) from central and northern Australia, Thomson, B. G. Nuytsia 1992 Vol. 8 pag. 351-360. Address
- British Cactus and Succulent Society. bcss.org.uk Vol. euphorbia-part-1. Euphorbia
- Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Plantation and Ornamental Crops. 2011 pag. 125. DOI
General specifications
Indigenous plant
Biological type: succulent
Frost resistance: 5ºF
Leaf color: dark green
Flower color: dark green
Reproduction mode: monoecious plant where both sperm and eggs are produced on the same gametophyte
Specifications for the Mediterranean basin
Adult size (h x w): 3,2ft x 3,2ft
Sun exposure: part sun (Sun hours: >3h <6h Foliage: deciduous
Growth: fast
Flowering time from June until August
Specific information for our garden
Planting substrate: 30%Compost+30%Coco+40%Sand
Plant watering: 1x a week pH 6.5
Logical sequence of containers for: Perennials; forestry plate 8cm, 1L container, 2L forestry pot, 6L container, 55L container
Propagation is done by cuttings
Germination references
- Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin, Carol & Baskin, J.M. 2014 pag. 1-1586. DOI
Germination references for the genus
- British Cactus and Succulent Society. bcss.org.uk Vol. euphorbia-part-1. Euphorbia
- High temperature and burial inhibit seed germination of two perennial Mediterranean Euphorbia species, Narbona Eduardo, Arista Montserrat and Ortiz Pedro L. Botanica Helvetica 2007 Vol. 117(2) pag. 169-180. DOI
- Temperature and storage time strongly affect the germination success of perennial Euphorbia species in Mediterranean regions, Cristaudo Antonia, Catara Stefania, Mingo Antonio, Restuccia Alessia and Onofri Andrea. Ecology and Evolution 2019 Vol. 9 pag. 10984-10999. DOI
Frost resistance: 5ºF
Leaf color: dark green
Flower color: dark green
Reproduction mode: monoecious plant where both sperm and eggs are produced on the same gametophyte
Specifications for the Mediterranean basin
Adult size (h x w): 3,2ft x 3,2ft
Sun exposure: part sun (Sun hours: >3h <6h Foliage: deciduous
Growth: fast
Flowering time from June until August
Specific information for our garden
Planting substrate: 30%Compost+30%Coco+40%Sand
Plant watering: 1x a week pH 6.5
Logical sequence of containers for: Perennials; forestry plate 8cm, 1L container, 2L forestry pot, 6L container, 55L container
Propagation is done by cuttings
Germination references
- Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin, Carol & Baskin, J.M. 2014 pag. 1-1586. DOI
Germination references for the genus
- British Cactus and Succulent Society. bcss.org.uk Vol. euphorbia-part-1. Euphorbia
- High temperature and burial inhibit seed germination of two perennial Mediterranean Euphorbia species, Narbona Eduardo, Arista Montserrat and Ortiz Pedro L. Botanica Helvetica 2007 Vol. 117(2) pag. 169-180. DOI
- Temperature and storage time strongly affect the germination success of perennial Euphorbia species in Mediterranean regions, Cristaudo Antonia, Catara Stefania, Mingo Antonio, Restuccia Alessia and Onofri Andrea. Ecology and Evolution 2019 Vol. 9 pag. 10984-10999. DOI
This plant is available from the following nurseries
Experiences in the garden
26-03-14A Obtaining 6 plants from nursery Lepage (Cultivated from unknown origin)
13-02-18 6x Dead plant due to too dense plantation: JTz3.