Arctotheca calendula 0
Author: (Carl von Linné (1707-1778)) Kurt Lewin (1892-1942)Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Cichorioideae Tribe: Arctotideae Subtribe: Arctotidinae
Genus: Arctotheca
English name: Capeweed
Zone: South Africa
Description
This species is widespread and occurs in coastal areas and along roadsides, old farmlands or on disturbed soil in Namaqualand and the Karoo to the Cape Peninsula and eastwards to Humansdorp and extending into KwaZulu-Natal. In the Cape it is well known by its common name, the Cape weed. The species name calendula probably refers to its resemblance to the European genus Calendula. It means 'little calendar' and comes from the Greek word kalendae, meaning 'the first day of the month', and could refer to its long-flowering period.
Arctotheca calendula Observed in New Zealand by Jenny Saito (license)
Botanical Description
This species is a tufted to sprawling annual herb, growing up to 250mm high.
The basal leaves form a rosette and are roughly hairy above, woolly below. They have deeply divided margins.
The daisy-like flowers, up to 60mm, across are a pale yellow, with a darker yellow ring and a black or yellow centre and are borne singly on roughly hairy stalks. Flowering time is mainly in winter, spring and early summer.
The fruits are woolly with a chaffy pappus.
The basal leaves form a rosette and are roughly hairy above, woolly below. They have deeply divided margins.
The daisy-like flowers, up to 60mm, across are a pale yellow, with a darker yellow ring and a black or yellow centre and are borne singly on roughly hairy stalks. Flowering time is mainly in winter, spring and early summer.
The fruits are woolly with a chaffy pappus.
Useful plant
In earlier times, the grey felt on the undersides of the leaves of many species in the daisy family, including Arctotheca calendula, was scraped off and used as tinder (tontel). When scraped off this felt resembles a miniature cloth (doek), which is where this species gets its other Afrikaans common name, tonteldoekblom. This plant is a useful ground cover or edging plant that can be used in the garden for a colorful display.
References
- Indigenous Plants A South Africa Guide, Pitta Joffe & Tinus Oberholzer. 2012 pag. 288. ISBN
- PlantZafrica, Samson Moeketsi Letsela. Kirstenbosch NBG 2002. Arctotheca calendula
References
- Indigenous Plants A South Africa Guide, Pitta Joffe & Tinus Oberholzer. 2012 pag. 288. ISBN
- PlantZafrica, Samson Moeketsi Letsela. Kirstenbosch NBG 2002. Arctotheca calendula
References for the genus
- Cape plants: A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa - Strelitzia 09, Peter Goldblatt and John Manning. 2001 pag. 303. DOI
- El género Arctotheca Vaill.(Arctotideae, Compositae) en la Penìsula Ibérica y Baleares, Solì, Marì Talavera and Lozano, Salvador Talavera. Acta Botanica Malacitana 2015 Vol. (40) pag. 311-322. Address
- El género Arctotheca Vaill.(Arctotideae, Compositae) en la Penìsula Ibérica y Baleares, Solì, Marì Talavera and Lozano, Salvador Talavera. Acta Botanica Malacitana 2015 Vol. (40) pag. 311-322. Address
General specifications
Annual or Biennial plant
Biological type: plant
Frost resistance: 5ºF
Leaf color: bright green
Flower color: yellow
Reproduction mode: hermaphrodite plant whoes flowers produce both male and female gametes
Indexed Alert Invasive and potentially invasive alien plant species Mediterranean.
Specifications for the Mediterranean basin
Adult size (h x w): 0,6ft x 2,6ft
Sun exposure: full sun (Sun hours: >6h Foliage: evergreen
Growth: average
Flowering time from March until June
Specific information for our garden
Planting substrate: 20%Compost+40%Clay+40%Sand
Plant watering: 1x a week pH 6.5
Logical sequence of containers for: Perennials; forestry plate 8cm, 1L container, 2L forestry pot, 6L container, 55L container
Propagation is done by root division
Frost resistance: 5ºF
Leaf color: bright green
Flower color: yellow
Reproduction mode: hermaphrodite plant whoes flowers produce both male and female gametes
Indexed Alert Invasive and potentially invasive alien plant species Mediterranean.
Specifications for the Mediterranean basin
Adult size (h x w): 0,6ft x 2,6ft
Sun exposure: full sun (Sun hours: >6h Foliage: evergreen
Growth: average
Flowering time from March until June
Specific information for our garden
Planting substrate: 20%Compost+40%Clay+40%Sand
Plant watering: 1x a week pH 6.5
Logical sequence of containers for: Perennials; forestry plate 8cm, 1L container, 2L forestry pot, 6L container, 55L container
Propagation is done by root division
Member of the following Vegetation Map-units
Groupe : AT01 Southern Cape Valley Thicket. MAP 340mm-940mm APCV 33% MAT 63ºF MFD 3 day MAPE 1900 mm MASMS 72% Alt 20m-200m
Groupe : AT02 Gamka Thicket. MAP 105mm-540mm APCV 36% MAT 62ºF MFD 13 day MAPE 2396 mm MASMS 81% Alt 300m-1000m
Groupe : AT06 Sundays Thicket. MAP 190mm-480mm APCV 34% MAT 64ºF MFD 8 day MAPE 2134 mm MASMS 80% Alt 0m-800m
Groupe : AT07 Coega Bontveld. MAP 400mm-550mm APCV 32% MAT 64ºF MFD 3 day MAPE 1861 mm MASMS 76% Alt 0m-400m
Groupe : AZi01 Namaqualand Riviere. MAP 100mm-250mm APCV 39% MAT 65ºF MFD 6 day MAPE 2647 mm Alt 0m-800m
Groupe : FRg01 Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld. MAP 130mm-370mm APCV 37% MAT 58ºF MFD 32 day MAPE 2287 mm MASMS 78% Alt 1100m-1450m
Groupe : FRs02 Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld. MAP 190mm-350mm APCV 35% MAT 62ºF MFD 15 day MAPE 2430 mm MASMS 76% Alt 600m-850m
Groupe : FRs07 Montagu Shale Renosterveld. MAP 140mm-560mm APCV 35% MAT 60ºF MFD 14 day MAPE 2053 mm MASMS 75% Alt 200m-1020m
Groupe : FS3 Saldanha Flats Strandveld. MAP 250mm-580mm APCV 35% MAT 62ºF MFD 3 day MAPE 2215 mm MASMS 75% Alt 0m-120m
Groupe : FS6 Cape Flats Dune Strandveld. MAP 350mm-560mm APCV 30% MAT 61ºF MFD 3 day MAPE 2036 mm MASMS 67% Alt 0m-80m
Groupe : SKn03 Namaqualand Blomveld. MAP 100mm-145mm APCV 39% MAT 62ºF MFD 13 day MAPE 2584 mm MASMS 81% Alt 460m-1080m
Groupe : SKs07 Namaqualand Strandveld. MAP 112mm APCV 39% MAT 64ºF MFD 1 day MAPE 2517 mm MASMS 81% Alt 20m-380m
Groupe : SKs12 Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland. MAP 151mm APCV 38% MAT 65ºF MFD 2 day MAPE 2555 mm MASMS 81% Alt 60m-340m
Groupe : SKt03 Roggeveld Karoo. MAP 230mm APCV 37% MAT 57ºF MFD 56 day MAPE 2470 mm MASMS 79% Alt 1040m-1680m
Groupe : AT02 Gamka Thicket. MAP 105mm-540mm APCV 36% MAT 62ºF MFD 13 day MAPE 2396 mm MASMS 81% Alt 300m-1000m
Groupe : AT06 Sundays Thicket. MAP 190mm-480mm APCV 34% MAT 64ºF MFD 8 day MAPE 2134 mm MASMS 80% Alt 0m-800m
Groupe : AT07 Coega Bontveld. MAP 400mm-550mm APCV 32% MAT 64ºF MFD 3 day MAPE 1861 mm MASMS 76% Alt 0m-400m
Groupe : AZi01 Namaqualand Riviere. MAP 100mm-250mm APCV 39% MAT 65ºF MFD 6 day MAPE 2647 mm Alt 0m-800m
Groupe : FRg01 Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld. MAP 130mm-370mm APCV 37% MAT 58ºF MFD 32 day MAPE 2287 mm MASMS 78% Alt 1100m-1450m
Groupe : FRs02 Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld. MAP 190mm-350mm APCV 35% MAT 62ºF MFD 15 day MAPE 2430 mm MASMS 76% Alt 600m-850m
Groupe : FRs07 Montagu Shale Renosterveld. MAP 140mm-560mm APCV 35% MAT 60ºF MFD 14 day MAPE 2053 mm MASMS 75% Alt 200m-1020m
Groupe : FS3 Saldanha Flats Strandveld. MAP 250mm-580mm APCV 35% MAT 62ºF MFD 3 day MAPE 2215 mm MASMS 75% Alt 0m-120m
Groupe : FS6 Cape Flats Dune Strandveld. MAP 350mm-560mm APCV 30% MAT 61ºF MFD 3 day MAPE 2036 mm MASMS 67% Alt 0m-80m
Groupe : SKn03 Namaqualand Blomveld. MAP 100mm-145mm APCV 39% MAT 62ºF MFD 13 day MAPE 2584 mm MASMS 81% Alt 460m-1080m
Groupe : SKs07 Namaqualand Strandveld. MAP 112mm APCV 39% MAT 64ºF MFD 1 day MAPE 2517 mm MASMS 81% Alt 20m-380m
Groupe : SKs12 Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland. MAP 151mm APCV 38% MAT 65ºF MFD 2 day MAPE 2555 mm MASMS 81% Alt 60m-340m
Groupe : SKt03 Roggeveld Karoo. MAP 230mm APCV 37% MAT 57ºF MFD 56 day MAPE 2470 mm MASMS 79% Alt 1040m-1680m
Sowing instructions
AUTUMN Clean to pure seeds. Sow the seeds at 2mm depth in the Well Drained Seed Sowing Mix between 59-68°F. During germination keep the substrate moist and in daylight. The seeds germinate in 2-2 weeks.
Germination references
- PlantZafrica, Samson Moeketsi Letsela. Kirstenbosch NBG 2002. Arctotheca calendula
- Seed bank dynamics of the Strandveld Succulent Karoo, De Villiers, Adriaan Jakobus and others. 2007. Address
- Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin, Carol & Baskin, J.M. 2014 pag. 1-1586. DOI
Germination references
- PlantZafrica, Samson Moeketsi Letsela. Kirstenbosch NBG 2002. Arctotheca calendula
- Seed bank dynamics of the Strandveld Succulent Karoo, De Villiers, Adriaan Jakobus and others. 2007. Address
- Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, Baskin, Carol & Baskin, J.M. 2014 pag. 1-1586. DOI
Experiences in the garden
31-10-12A Obtaining 3 plants from nursery Filippi (Cultivated from unknown origin)
28-05-20 3x Dead plant: End of life: JTz2.
. . . 2013A Production of 9 plants in our nursery (Cultivated from unknown origin)
28-05-20 9x Dead plant: End of life: JTz2.
06-03-17B Obtaining seeds from seed provider SilverHill collected in 'SilverHill3>Clanwilliam'. (Wild origin)
28-08-17 Send a batch to nursery Issa.
06-08-21C Obtaining seeds from seed provider SilverHill collected in 'SilverHill15>Bienne Donne'. (Wild origin)
08-11-21 Sown 20 seeds in a tray and germinated at 22-11-21 but the seedlings did not survive in Serre4.
Protocol: Autumn Clean 2mm Sowing mix+Sand 59-68°F Damp substrate+Light
. . . 2021A Production of 3 plants in our nursery (Cultivated from unknown origin)
26-08-22 3x Dead plant: No information: Serre5 C1.